Summary
Overview
Work History
Education
Skills
Accomplishments
Timeline
Generic

Aamir Safdar

M.D
Islamabad

Summary

To seek and maintain full-time position that offers professional challenges utilizing interpersonal skills, excellent time management and problem-solving skills.

Organized and dependable candidate successful at managing multiple priorities with a positive attitude. Willingness to take on added responsibilities to meet team goals.

Detail-oriented team player with strong organizational skills. Ability to handle multiple projects simultaneously with a high degree of accuracy.

Overview

4
4
years of post-secondary education
1
1
Language

Work History

Consultant TB Punjab Pakistan

World Health Organization
Lahore
12.2019 - Current

I. To provide immediate technical assistance to Provincial TB Control Programme Punjab for strengthening the implementation of End TB strategy / Political declaration and targets of UNHLM

II. Adopting National TB Polices, Guidelines and Strategies for the province, to align with the WHO Global ‘End TB Strategy’, & UNHLM political declaration related commitments including Multisectoral Accountability approach and Framework.

III. Provide technical support for developing the Global Fund application as PR by Department of Health Punjab/ TB program Punjab including the transition/reform plan to function as PR for the funding cycle

IV. Strengthen quality TB service provision, to all levels of the health care system up to the community level

V. Integrated Response to HIV/TB/ and Malaria in the country and TB/NCD collaboration

VI. Monitoring & Evaluation, Surveillance & Research for TB Control Interventions, in the Country/province’s.

VII. Support PTP Punjab for PHC & MAF - TB initiative in the pilot district of Hafizabad

VIII. Support PTP Punjab for PMTPT implementation

IX. Support PTP Punjab for Decentralization of DR TB Services

X. Support PTP Punjab in conducting granular data analysis to review the progress on improving TB case notifications in Punjab

Expert Member PPM

Member TB, Mc Gill University/ Malinda & Gates Foundation
Islamabad
03.2019 - Current
  • Developed strong communication and organizational skills through working on group projects.
  • Worked flexible hours across night, weekend and holiday shifts.
  • Completed paperwork, recognizing discrepancies and promptly addressing for resolution.
  • Cultivated interpersonal skills by building positive relationships with others.
  • Learned and adapted quickly to new technology and software applications.
  • Worked well in a team setting, providing support and guidance.
  • Developed and maintained courteous and effective working relationships.
  • Exercised leadership capabilities by successfully motivating and inspiring others.
  • Participated in team projects, demonstrating an ability to work collaboratively and effectively.
  • Self-motivated, with a strong sense of personal responsibility.

GENERAL PHYSICIAN

GP
01.2002 - Current

Training Courses

McGill Summer Institute in Infectious, Global Health, Advanced TB Diagnostics
Montréal
05.2021 - 06.2021
  • Clinical Tropical and Geographic Medicine
  • International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health 2022
  • PPM Focal point representing Pakistan@ 5th END TB Summit, PPM Working group representing National TB Control Pakistan and poster presentation, discussion, and panel discussion, The Haque, The Netherland 18-23 October 2018. Member PPM Working Group, Country poster presentation (Pakistan) &
  • Jakarta, Indonesia 16-18 July 2019
  • Childhood TB & Co-Morbid TB, Colombo, SAARC Summit-Siri Lanka 14-16 June 2014.
  • Proven ability to learn quickly and adapt to new situations.
  • Proved successful working within tight deadlines and a fast-paced environment.
  • Developed and maintained courteous and effective working relationships.
  • Worked well in a team setting, providing support and guidance.
  • Managed time efficiently in order to complete all tasks within deadlines.
  • Passionate about learning and committed to continual improvement.
  • Excellent communication skills, both verbal and written.
  • Demonstrated creativity and resourcefulness through the development of innovative solutions.
  • Worked effectively in fast-paced environments.
  • Gained extensive knowledge in data entry, analysis and reporting.
  • Gained strong leadership skills by managing projects from start to finish.
  • Identified issues, analyzed information and provided solutions to problems.
  • Used critical thinking to break down problems, evaluate solutions and make decisions.
  • Worked flexible hours across night, weekend and holiday shifts.
  • Developed strong organizational and communication skills through coursework and volunteer activities.
  • Exercised leadership capabilities by successfully motivating and inspiring others.
  • Demonstrated a high level of initiative and creativity while tackling difficult tasks.
  • Demonstrated respect, friendliness and willingness to help wherever needed.

Specialist PPM Specialist

Public Private Mix, PPM
Islamabad
01.2018 - 11.2019
  • Worked effectively in fast-paced environments.
  • Adaptable and proficient in learning new concepts quickly and efficiently.
  • Self-motivated, with a strong sense of personal responsibility.
  • Ran errands and provided general office support in a professional environment.
  • Gained extensive knowledge in data entry, analysis and reporting.
  • Demonstrated creativity and resourcefulness through the development of innovative solutions.
  • Learned and adapted quickly to new technology and software applications.
  • Paid attention to detail while completing assignments.
  • Worked well in a team setting, providing support and guidance.
  • Developed strong organizational and communication skills through coursework and volunteer activities.
  • Strengthened communication skills through regular interactions with others.
  • Developed and maintained courteous and effective working relationships.
  • Acted as a team leader in group projects, delegating tasks and providing feedback.
  • Excellent communication skills, both verbal and written.
  • Used strong analytical and problem-solving skills to develop effective solutions for challenging situations.
  • Demonstrated respect, friendliness and willingness to help wherever needed.
  • Passionate about learning and committed to continual improvement.

NPO, National TB-HIV Coordinator

National TB Control Pakistan, GFATM
Islamabad
11.2012 - 11.2019

· Development of Mandatory TB Case Notification

· Updating and revising TB DOTS Doctor Module & Desk Guidelines

· Updated Childhood TB & TB-HIV Guidelines and training material

· Coordination with internal and external stakeholders, and foster partnerships

· Provide strategic guidance for Public Private Mix-intervention

· Prepare and support development work for – PPM, TB-HIV Co-infection, Childhood TB (CH-TB), Hospital DOTS Linkage (HDL)

· SRs programmatic and financial oversight

· Oversee procurement & distribution plan for PPM, TB-HIV, CH-TB, HDL

· Support PR unit in development of work Plan & Budget & Capacity building of SRs.

· Assist SRs in PUDR development

· Coordination with provinces counterparts and other SRs in technical matters

· Support in the development work for PPM, TB-HIV, CH-TB, HIV

· Monitoring & supervision NTP, Green star, PTPs and other SRs (NGO-Pharmacy-TB Diabetes), TB-HIV, CH-TB, HDL

· Review M&E reports from NTP monitors, NPOs, Regional Coordinators, Provincial PPM coordinators & provide feedback

· Develop reports and presentation for various national & international forums.

· Develop research proposals for PPM and supervise data collection & analysis

· Supervise Procurement & distribution of PPM-items

· PPM, TB-HIV Co-infection, Hospital DOTS Linkages, Childhood TB

· Develop work plans as per grant requirement and share with the provincial programs.

· Provide technical assistance to the provincial programs, partners for implementation of Objective activities, M & E related to TB/HIV

· To Coordinate Collaborative Activities among NTP, National AIDS control program, Provincial programs for TB & AIDS, civil society partners, patient’s groups, and donors, Facilitate quarterly TB/HIV Collaborative committee review meetings in all Provinces

· Organize TB/HIV co-ordination board meetings

· To assist and supervise the process of review, development, field testing and implementation of the WHO Guidelines for TB/HIV Collaborative activities

· To implement and supervise the HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment among TB Patients through selected TB Diagnostic centers

· To monitor activities of implementing partners for TB/HIV. Collect and compile TB/HIV data along with support documents for onward submission to WHO and NTP

· To coordinate with National & International consultant on TB/HIV issues

· Provide support to M & E unit for multipurpose program monitoring and reporting as per work plan

· Facilitate PR/ PIU unit during LFA / International partners/ WHO Review missions.

· Develop work plans as per grant requirement and share with the provincial programs.

· Provide technical assistance to the District TB programs, partners for implementation of Program Objective activities, M & E related to TB

· To Coordinate Collaborative Activities among NTP/PTP and Partners. Facilitate quarterly review meetings in all assigned Districts

· To assist and supervise the process of review, development, field testing and implementation of the WHO Guidelines for TB DOTS activities

· To support Districts in implementation of DOTS services and supervise the prevention, care and treatment among TB Patients through TB Diagnostic centers

· To monitor activities of implementing partners for TB/HIV. Collect and compile TB/HIV data along with support documents for onward submission to WHO and NTP

· Provide support to M & E unit for multipurpose program monitoring and reporting as per work plan

· Facilitate PR/ PIU unit during LFA / International partners/ WHO Review missions.

04.2012 - 01.2017
  • 2017 organized by National TB Control Program in collaboration with W.H.O
  • Revised and updated National Childhood TB Management Guidelines & Desk Guidelines for Doctor 2017
  • Revised and Updated TB-HIV Training Material 2017, including
  • Revision & Development of National TB Guidelines 2018-19 and training material which include Doctors Module for adults
  • Paediatrics & Desk Guidelines, paramedical Modules & Desk Guidelines
  • National TOT on Revised National TB Guidelines 17-21 December 2018
  • National TOT PMTPT 19-20 July 2022

- 12.2016
  • Organized by National TB Control Program, Islamabad, Attended five days capacity building workshop on “Research Methods” from 28th December 2015 to 1st

- 10.2016
  • 2011 organized by Pakistan Orthopedic Association
  • Attended the program “Bob Keegan” “Management Development Programme” on 10th May 2012 to 11th May 2012 organized by World Health Organization
  • Attended “National Training of Trainers course on revised core DOTS Modules” on

04.2016 - 04.2016
  • 2016 organized by National TB Control Program, Islamabad
  • Attended Training of “Childhood TB Management” from 8th December 2016

08.2012 - 11.2012
  • District Assigned Kasur, Sheikupura & Nanakana sahib)
  • Under the technical supervision of WHO provincial and Federal Team Leader for polio eradication and the overall supervision of the WHO Representative, the Polio Eradication Officer will be responsible of all the polio eradication activities in the assigned district (s) and will undertake the following duties:
  • AFP surveillance
  • 1
  • Support district health authorities in ensuring that there is a system in place for comprehensive AFP detection and response
  • 2
  • Complement district health authorities’/ staff efforts to ensure timely investigation of all AFP cases including timely stool collection and transportation and appropriate actions are undertaken in response to the surveillance findings
  • 3
  • Undertake regular site visits to reporting sites to ensure that no AFP cases are missed/ not reported
  • 4
  • Facilitate that all data from AFP cases are properly reported collected, line listed, analysed and interpret timely; and forwarded to provincial office
  • 5
  • Compile surveillance indicators for the district and use these to improve surveillance activities for both AFP and measles
  • 6
  • Ensure surveillance quality regular monitoring of activities and review of data quality at the district level
  • 7
  • Participate in detailed epidemiological investigation of urgent (hot), confirmed and compatible polio cases and AFP cases with zero routine OPV dose
  • 8
  • Participate in training for health care workers on AFP surveillance
  • 9
  • Provide in training, feedback, and advocacy to the National and other health care workers at the district level
  • 10
  • Assist in ensuring inclusion of all high risk / underserved / migrant population in the Surveillance network and all AFP’s are reported from them
  • Assist in the implementation of all supplemental polio vaccination campaigns and other polio eradication activities as required
  • Supplement Polio Vaccination Campaigns (SIA) 1
  • Provide the technical support to pre-campaign activities particularly planning, preparing and monitoring the quality of area level Micro-planning, at the union council, tehsil and district levels
  • 2
  • Monitor the availability of human and material resources and provide necessary support to augment them
  • 3
  • Ensure selection of appropriate vaccinators and supervisors according to the guidelines
  • 4
  • Monitor and support the trainings in the pre-campaign phase; for various categories of health workers involved in vaccination and supervision
  • 5
  • Monitor and supervise the work of all categories of health workers during the Implementation phase of the campaign and share the key observations and recommendations/ action points with responsible authorities on daily basis
  • 6
  • Monitor the utilization of resources and report issues, if any
  • 7
  • Participate in the identification and selection of the appropriate independent monitors for Post campaign monitoring and validity of the process and data
  • 8
  • Thorough analysis of the post campaign independent monitoring data after every vaccination round to: a) making corrective measures as per guidelines; b) identifying the issues to be addressed before the following vaccination round and c) reporting to and assisting the EDO (H) for actions required, if any
  • 9
  • Support the EDO (H) and his team in analyzing the vaccination and (administrative and monitoring) data and modify operations if needed 10
  • Help EDO (H) to prepare a report for District Polio Eradication Committee (DPEC) in line with the provincial and National Emergency Action Plan and seek support from public sector and NGO / private sector as well
  • 11
  • Provide special focus on the high-risk populations during all the phases of the campaign in line with the special strategies devised by MoH for at risk populations and the National Emergency Action Plan for Polio Eradication in 2011
  • Routine EPI
  • Assist in the various aspects to ensure development, maintenance, and monitoring of routine EPI /immunization, and participate in SIAs related to other EPI diseases.

Surveillance officer/Polio Eradication officer

Health Organization
Islamabad
03.2008 - 07.2012

· Under the technical supervision of WHO provincial and Federal Team Leader for polio eradication and the overall supervision of the WHO Representative, the Polio Eradication Officer will be responsible of all the polio eradication activities in the assigned district (s) and will undertake the following duties:

· AFP surveillance

· 1. Support district health authorities in ensuring that there is a system in place for comprehensive AFP detection and response.

2. Complement district health authorities’/ staff efforts to ensure timely investigation of all AFP cases including timely stool collection and transportation and appropriate actions are undertaken in response to the surveillance findings.

3. Undertake regular site visits to reporting sites to ensure that no AFP cases are missed/ not reported.

4. Facilitate that all data from AFP cases are properly reported collected, line listed, analysed and interpret timely; and forwarded to provincial office.

5. Compile surveillance indicators for the district and use these to improve surveillance activities for both AFP and measles.

6. Ensure surveillance quality regular monitoring of activities and review of data quality at the district level.

7. Participate in detailed epidemiological investigation of urgent (hot), confirmed and compatible polio cases and AFP cases with zero routine OPV dose.

8. Participate in training for health care workers on AFP surveillance.

9. Provide in training, feedback, and advocacy to the National and other health care workers at the district level.

10. Assist in ensuring inclusion of all high risk / underserved / migrant population in the Surveillance network and all AFP’s are reported from them.

Assist in the implementation of all supplemental polio vaccination campaigns and other polio eradication activities as required.

Supplement Polio Vaccination Campaigns (SIA)

1. Provide the technical support to pre-campaign activities particularly planning, preparing and monitoring the quality of area level Micro-planning, at the union council, tehsil and district levels.

2. Monitor the availability of human and material resources and provide necessary support to augment them.

3. Ensure selection of appropriate vaccinators and supervisors according to the guidelines.

4. Monitor and support the trainings in the pre-campaign phase; for various categories of health workers involved in vaccination and supervision.

5. Monitor and supervise the work of all categories of health workers during the Implementation phase of the campaign and share the key observations and recommendations/ action points with responsible authorities on daily basis.

6. Monitor the utilization of resources and report issues, if any.

7. Participate in the identification and selection of the appropriate independent monitors for Post campaign monitoring and validity of the process and data.

8. Thorough analysis of the post campaign independent monitoring data after every vaccination round to: a) making corrective measures as per guidelines; b) identifying the issues to be addressed before the following vaccination round and c) reporting to and assisting the EDO (H) for actions required, if any.

9. Support the EDO (H) and his team in analyzing the vaccination and (administrative and monitoring) data and modify operations if needed

10. Help EDO (H) to prepare a report for District Polio Eradication Committee (DPEC) in line with the provincial and National Emergency Action Plan and seek support from public sector and NGO / private sector as well.

11. Provide special focus on the high-risk populations during all the phases of the campaign in line with the special strategies devised by MoH for at risk populations and the National Emergency Action Plan for Polio Eradication in 2011.

· Routine EPI

· Assist in the various aspects to ensure development, maintenance, and monitoring of routine EPI /immunization, and participate in SIAs related to other EPI diseases.

05.2000 - 04.2011

Medical officer

Basic Health, Sagri
06.2002 - 02.2008
  • Dhok Budhal and Misrial
  • Government of the Punjab Health Department Rawalpindi

12.2005 - 12.2005
  • Organized by Pakistan Red Crescent Society District branch Rawalpindi
  • Attended National Disaster Conference 2005 from 22, held by Association of Pakistani Physicians of North America
  • Attended refresher training of “HMIS Data Collection Tools and Methods” from

02.2005 - 02.2005
  • At DHDC, Rawalpindi funded by USAID/CATALYST CONSOTIUM
  • Attended Post Traumatic Stress Disorder short course from

Bilal Hospital. RAWALPINDI, HOUSE PHYSICAN/SURGEON
01.2002 - 01.2005

District Health Development Centre
Rawalpindi
04.2003 - 04.2003
  • Attended two days training course in the standard case management of acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases in children less than 5 years of age on 13th -14th January 2004 organized by government of Punjab in collaboration with UNICEF
  • Attended district level training of trainers on “Optimal birth spacing interval (OBSI) on

DHDC
Rawalpindi
07.2002 - 07.2002
  • Attended two days’ refresher training in TB DOTs held by district health development center

Holy Family Hospital, Islamabad
RAWALPINDI
01.2001 - 01.2002
  • In Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obs- Gynae,
  • Dermatology, ENT, Ophthalmology, Medico Legal, Psychiatry PIMS

Junior

PIMS Islamabad
05.1999 - 03.2000
  • 02 months rotation in General Medicine (including Gastroenterology, Cardiology, Pulmonology), 02 months rotation in General surgery, ENT -15 days, Eye – 15 days, OBS-Gynae 01months, Pediatrics 02 months, Forensic medicine 15 days, Dermatology 15 days.

rotation Razel General Hospital Manila
04.1999 - 05.1999

Binan
Laguna
07.1997 - 07.1997
  • Induction training held by district health development center

Faculty Member/Moderator

McGill University, McGill Summer Institute
02.2022 - 1 1
  • PPM International Course 7-11, 2021, 15 May 2021 – 15 November 2021, Feb-2021, April 2021, April – 2020 to December 2020 & December-, 2016 organized by National TB Control Program, Islamabad
  • Attended “National TB Data Analysis” and use Workshop on 10th April

Education

MBA - Business Administration And Management

SZABIST Islamabad
Islamabad
11.2009 - 04.2014

M. D -

University of perpetual Help system

Skills

Trainings and Certificationsundefined

Accomplishments

  • Pakistan success stories TB Component:
  • Consultant TB Punjab – World Health Organisation (December 2019- February 2023) 01 September 2022 -28 February 2023 (06 Months)
  • WHO has been supporting Punjab with technical assistance during the last two years (Since December 2019-2023) through a Punjab based WHO TB consultant
  • The consultant contributes to the following initiatives:
  • Provincial Strategic Plan Development 2024-2026
  • Global Fund Grant write up 2024-2026
  • Joint Program Review 2022
  • EPI Review 2022
  • Primary Health Care (PHC) strengthening &Multisectoral Accountability Framework for TB (MAF-TB) piloting in Hafizabad district
  • Regional Green Light Committee missions for 2020, 2021,2022 with list of recommendations for implementation
  • Provincial Strategic Plan (PSP) Punjab 2020-2023
  • GFATM Grant 2021-23, proposal development, its approval and implementation plan
  • MAF-TB Assessment 2020-21
  • Strengthening laboratory diagnostics with provision of biosafety cabinets (BSCs.)
  • Strengthening of Specimen transport & Provision of motor bikes for specimen transportation in Punjab
  • Commemoration of World TB Day
  • Support in Implementation of Preventive TB treatment
  • Monitoring of Operationalizing Technology assisted CXR symptom screening and TB preventive treatment (TPT) of the household contacts of know TB patients at public Basic Management Units for TB in two districts of Punjab
  • Decentralized DR-TB Clinics
  • Piloting of BPaL/ BPaL-M in Punjab 10 February 2022-10 August 2022 (06 months)
  • Primary Health Care strengthening & Specimen transport in District Hafizabad
  • Pilot & Strengthen PHC through: (17-18 September 2020 & 28-31 November 2021) training of Health care providers
  • World TB Day seminar and walk in Government College University in Lahore and District complex Hafizabad on 22 March 2022
  • Integration of TB & Mental Health at PHC by training PHC doctors 16 November-31 December 2021 (45 days) 15 May 2021 – 15 November 2021 (06 Months)
  • Feb-2021, April 2021 (03 months)
  • April – 2020 to December 2020 (09 months) &
  • December-2019 (01 Month)
  • National focal person National TB Control Pakistan “People centred workshop” 16-18, January 2019 Islamabad
  • National team member of Joint Program Review Member (Joint Program Review Mission – WHO & International Consultants) (JPRM 2019)
  • National Lead Focal Person NTP National Strategic Plan 2020-2023
  • Lead National TB Pakistan in Revising and updated National TB Guidelines 2019, Doctors & Paramedics Modules & Desk Guidelines for public and private sector-2019 for Doctors & Paramedics, Childhood TB module & Desk guidelines -2019, Developed Childhood TB PARAMEDICS Module, TB-HIV Modules, Three I’s modules-2019, Desk Guidelines for Doctors, Counselling and testing Modules for TB-HIV Co-infection
  • Global Fund Concept Notes Development for Country Grant TBHIV Component-2014, Drug Sensitive TB, Childhood TB, PPM & TB-HIV-2017 & GFATM Concept Note development for Punjab 2020 for Global Funds Grants
  • Scaled up TB-HIV Sentinel surveillance across Pakistan
  • Master Trainer – Drug Sensitive-TB, Childhood TB, PPM & TBHIV
  • Decentralised DR-TB Workshops in Punjab
  • Regional Green Light Committee (rGLC) virtual mission PAKISTAN 2020 Date: 12th to 23rd of October 2020
  • Multisectoral Accountability framework assessment 2020, SORT-IT Operational Research Course 2017
  • Principle Author : “Prevalence of Human Immune Deficiency among Registered Tuberculosis Patients across Pakistan during 2013-2015 —Prevalence of TB-HIV Co-Infection in Pakistan http://www.scirp.org/journal/jtr
  • Journal: Microbes and Infection https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457920301830
  • Title: SARS-CoV-2 testing in low- and middle-income countries: availability and affordability in the private health sector
  • Corresponding Author: Professor Madhukar Pai
  • Co-Authors: Lena Faust; Alexandra J
  • Zimmer; Mikashmi Kohli; Senjuti Saha; Jody Boffa; Marlon L
  • Bayot; Ifeanyi Nsofor; Leonel Campos; Tivani Mashamba-Thompson; Rosa Herrera; Elom Emeka; Suvesh Shrestha; Cesar Ugarte-Gil; Achilles Katamba; Imran Pambudi; David Bichara; Roger I
  • Calderon; Namatullah Ahmadzada; Muhammad Aamir Safdar; Chaitali Nikam; Carolina dos Santos Lázari; Hamidah Hussain; Myint Myint Win; Kyaw Zin Than; Anthony Ahumibe; Brenda Waning

Timeline

Faculty Member/Moderator

McGill University, McGill Summer Institute
02.2022 - 1 1

Training Courses

McGill Summer Institute in Infectious, Global Health, Advanced TB Diagnostics
05.2021 - 06.2021

Consultant TB Punjab Pakistan

World Health Organization
12.2019 - Current

Expert Member PPM

Member TB, Mc Gill University/ Malinda & Gates Foundation
03.2019 - Current

Specialist PPM Specialist

Public Private Mix, PPM
01.2018 - 11.2019

04.2016 - 04.2016

NPO, National TB-HIV Coordinator

National TB Control Pakistan, GFATM
11.2012 - 11.2019

08.2012 - 11.2012

04.2012 - 01.2017

MBA - Business Administration And Management

SZABIST Islamabad
11.2009 - 04.2014

Surveillance officer/Polio Eradication officer

Health Organization
03.2008 - 07.2012

12.2005 - 12.2005

02.2005 - 02.2005

District Health Development Centre
04.2003 - 04.2003

DHDC
07.2002 - 07.2002

Medical officer

Basic Health, Sagri
06.2002 - 02.2008

GENERAL PHYSICIAN

GP
01.2002 - Current

Bilal Hospital. RAWALPINDI, HOUSE PHYSICAN/SURGEON
01.2002 - 01.2005

Holy Family Hospital, Islamabad
01.2001 - 01.2002

05.2000 - 04.2011

Junior

PIMS Islamabad
05.1999 - 03.2000

rotation Razel General Hospital Manila
04.1999 - 05.1999

Binan
07.1997 - 07.1997

- 12.2016

- 10.2016

M. D -

University of perpetual Help system
Aamir SafdarM.D